The Malay states refer to a group of territories located in the southeastern region of Asia, primarily on the Malay Peninsula and parts of the island of Borneo. These states include countries like Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore, as well as regions in southern Thailand and the Philippines. Historically, they were known for their rich cultural heritage, trade routes, and the influence of Islam. The Malay states were once ruled by various sultans and local leaders, forming a complex political landscape. During the colonial period, European powers, such as the British and the Dutch, exerted control over many of these regions, impacting their governance and economy. Today, the Malay states are recognized for their diverse cultures, languages, and traditions.