Malay history is rich and diverse, tracing back to ancient times when the Malay Archipelago was a hub for trade and cultural exchange. The region saw the rise of powerful kingdoms, such as the Srivijaya and Majapahit, which played significant roles in maritime trade and the spread of Islam in the 13th century. During the colonial period, European powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British, established control over various Malay states, impacting local governance and culture. The struggle for independence in the mid-20th century led to the formation of modern nations like Malaysia and Indonesia, shaping the contemporary Malay identity.