MVC, or Model-View-Controller, is a software architectural pattern that separates an application into three interconnected components. The Model represents the data and business logic, the View is responsible for the user interface, and the Controller handles user input and updates the model accordingly. This separation allows for efficient code organization and promotes scalability. By decoupling the components, developers can work on different aspects of the application simultaneously, making it easier to maintain and extend. MVC is widely used in web frameworks like Ruby on Rails and ASP.NET to create dynamic web applications.