MAO inhibitors, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are a class of medications used primarily to treat depression. They work by blocking the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain. By preventing this breakdown, MAO inhibitors help increase the levels of these important chemicals, potentially improving mood and emotional well-being. These medications can be effective for some patients, especially those who do not respond to other antidepressants. However, they require dietary restrictions to avoid serious interactions with certain foods, particularly those containing tyramine, which can lead to dangerous increases in blood pressure.