Luxembourg has a rich history that dates back to the Roman Empire, when it was a small settlement. In the 10th century, it became a duchy and grew in importance due to its strategic location in Europe. Over the centuries, Luxembourg was ruled by various powers, including the Burgundians, Spanish, and Austrians, which shaped its culture and governance. In 1839, Luxembourg was divided into two parts, with one becoming a part of Belgium. The country gained independence and established a constitutional monarchy. Throughout the 20th century, Luxembourg played a significant role in European integration, becoming a founding member of the European Union and the NATO.