Lutheran doctrine is based on the teachings of Martin Luther, a 16th-century theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation. Central to this doctrine is the belief in justification by faith alone, meaning that individuals are saved through faith in Jesus Christ rather than through good works or religious rituals. This principle emphasizes God's grace and the importance of Scripture as the ultimate authority in matters of faith. Another key aspect of Lutheran doctrine is the concept of the priesthood of all believers, which asserts that all Christians have direct access to God and can interpret the Bible. This challenges the traditional role of clergy and promotes a personal relationship with God. Additionally, Lutheran worship often includes sacraments like Baptism and Holy Communion, which are seen as means of grace.