The lunar poles refer to the northern and southern extremes of the Moon. These regions are of particular interest to scientists because they contain permanently shadowed areas that may hold water ice. This ice could be crucial for future lunar exploration and potential human habitation. The lunar south pole is especially notable for its unique features, including large craters like Shackleton and Aitken. These craters have been studied for their potential resources and geological history. Understanding the lunar poles can provide insights into the Moon's formation and evolution, as well as the broader history of the solar system.