Ludwig von Mises was an influential Austrian economist and philosopher, born in 1881. He is best known for his contributions to the Austrian School of Economics, particularly his theories on human action and the importance of individual choice in economic decision-making. Mises emphasized the role of free markets and criticized government intervention in the economy. Mises authored several key works, including "Human Action," where he outlined his ideas on economics and social theory. He also played a significant role in the development of libertarianism and advocated for classical liberal principles, promoting the idea of limited government and personal freedom.