Ludwig von Mises was an influential Austrian economist and philosopher, born in 1881. He is best known for his contributions to the field of Austrian economics, which emphasizes the importance of individual choice and the role of human action in economic theory. Mises argued against central planning and advocated for free markets, believing that they lead to greater prosperity and innovation. Mises wrote several important works, including Human Action, where he outlined his theories on economics and social science. He was a prominent figure in the Mont Pelerin Society, which aimed to promote classical liberalism and free-market principles. Mises passed away in 1973, leaving a lasting legacy in economic thought.