Luciferases are a group of enzymes that produce bioluminescence, the natural phenomenon of light emission by living organisms. These enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction that typically involves a light-emitting molecule called luciferin. The reaction occurs in various organisms, including fireflies, certain fungi, and deep-sea creatures, allowing them to produce light for communication, camouflage, or attracting prey. The study of luciferases has important applications in science and technology. For instance, they are used in bioluminescent imaging to track biological processes in living organisms. Additionally, luciferases are employed in reporter assays in molecular biology, helping researchers understand gene expression and cellular functions.