Lubrication methods are techniques used to reduce friction between surfaces in contact, enhancing the efficiency and lifespan of machinery. Common methods include oil lubrication, where liquid oil is applied to moving parts, and grease lubrication, which uses a thicker substance to provide a longer-lasting protective layer. Another method is dry lubrication, which involves using solid lubricants like graphite or molybdenum disulfide to minimize wear without the mess of liquids. Each method has its advantages and is chosen based on factors like operating conditions, temperature, and the type of machinery involved.