Louis XIII of France was born on September 27, 1601, and became king at the young age of nine after the death of his father, Henry IV of France. His reign lasted from 1610 until his death in 1643. Louis XIII is known for strengthening the monarchy and centralizing power in France, often working closely with his chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu. During his rule, Louis XIII faced various challenges, including conflicts with the Huguenots and the Thirty Years' War. He supported the Catholic side in this conflict, which helped to solidify France's position in Europe. His reign laid the groundwork for the absolute monarchy that would flourish under his son, Louis XIV.