Looping constructs are programming structures that allow a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly based on a condition. They help automate repetitive tasks, making code more efficient and easier to manage. Common types of looping constructs include for loops, while loops, and do-while loops, each serving different use cases depending on the requirements of the program. In a for loop, the number of iterations is predetermined, while a while loop continues until a specified condition is no longer true. A do-while loop is similar to a while loop but guarantees at least one execution of the loop's body. These constructs are essential for tasks like iterating through arrays or processing data.