Logic errors occur when a program runs without crashing but produces incorrect results due to flawed reasoning in the code. These errors often stem from incorrect assumptions, miscalculations, or improper use of conditional statements. For example, if a programmer intends to check if a number is even but mistakenly uses the wrong operator, the program may yield unexpected outcomes. Identifying logic errors can be challenging since the program does not display any error messages. Debugging tools and careful code review are essential for detecting these issues. Understanding the flow of the program and testing various scenarios can help programmers resolve logic errors effectively.