LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a low-power, long-range wireless communication protocol designed for connecting devices in the Internet of Things (IoT). It enables devices to send small amounts of data over long distances while consuming minimal energy, making it ideal for applications like smart cities, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. The LoRaWAN network consists of three main components: end devices, gateways, and a network server. End devices, such as sensors, transmit data to gateways, which then relay the information to the network server. This architecture allows for efficient communication and scalability, supporting thousands of devices in a single network.