The littoral zone is the area of a body of water that is close to the shore. It includes the region where sunlight penetrates to the bottom, allowing aquatic plants to grow. This zone is rich in biodiversity, supporting various species of fish, invertebrates, and plants. In freshwater environments, such as lakes and rivers, the littoral zone is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. It provides habitat for wildlife and serves as a breeding ground for many aquatic organisms. In marine environments, the littoral zone is often referred to as the intertidal zone, where organisms must adapt to changing water levels and wave action.