Littoral warfare refers to military operations conducted in the coastal areas where land meets the sea. This type of warfare involves a combination of naval, air, and ground forces to engage in combat and secure strategic objectives near shorelines. It is crucial for controlling access to ports and conducting amphibious assaults. The challenges of littoral warfare include navigating shallow waters, dealing with coastal terrain, and coordinating between different branches of the military. Key elements often include naval vessels, amphibious vehicles, and special operations forces to effectively operate in these complex environments.