The lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the tongue and the floor of the mouth. It plays a crucial role in providing oxygen and nutrients to these areas, supporting functions such as speech and swallowing. This artery arises from the external carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone and travels forward to reach the tongue. It gives off several branches, including the sublingual artery, which supplies the sublingual gland, and the dorsal lingual arteries, which supply the posterior part of the tongue.