Ligand Binding
Ligand binding refers to the interaction between a molecule, known as a ligand, and a specific site on a target protein, often a receptor. This process is crucial in biological systems, as it can trigger various cellular responses, influencing functions such as signaling, metabolism, and immune responses. The strength and specificity of this interaction are determined by the chemical properties of both the ligand and the binding site.
When a ligand binds to its target, it can induce a conformational change in the protein, activating or inhibiting its function. This mechanism is fundamental in drug design, where pharmaceuticals are developed to mimic or block natural ligands, thereby modulating biological pathways for therapeutic effects.