Leukodystrophy refers to a group of rare genetic disorders that affect the white matter of the brain. This white matter is crucial for transmitting signals between nerve cells, and its damage can lead to various neurological problems. Symptoms often include developmental delays, muscle weakness, and difficulties with coordination and speech. The condition is caused by mutations in genes responsible for the production of myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers. There are several types of leukodystrophies, each with different causes and symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Early intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.