The 20th century saw numerous influential leaders who shaped global events. Figures like Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister during World War II, played a crucial role in rallying the Allies against Nazi Germany. Meanwhile, Martin Luther King Jr. emerged as a prominent civil rights leader in the United States, advocating for racial equality through nonviolent protest. In addition to political leaders, the century also featured impactful figures in science and technology. Albert Einstein revolutionized physics with his theory of relativity, while Nelson Mandela became a symbol of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, promoting peace and reconciliation.