A Lazarus Taxon refers to a group of organisms that were thought to be extinct but are later rediscovered alive. The term is derived from the biblical figure Lazarus, who was raised from the dead. This phenomenon often occurs in the fossil record, where species seem to vanish for a period before reappearing in modern times. These taxa can provide valuable insights into evolutionary processes and environmental changes. Examples include the coelacanth, a prehistoric fish believed to have gone extinct around 66 million years ago, which was found alive off the coast of South Africa in 1938.