Antoine Lavoisier was a French chemist in the 18th century, often referred to as the "Father of Modern Chemistry." He is best known for his role in establishing the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Lavoisier's work laid the foundation for modern chemical nomenclature and helped to clarify the roles of elements and compounds. Lavoisier conducted experiments that identified oxygen and hydrogen as key elements in combustion and respiration. His research contributed significantly to the understanding of chemical reactions and the nature of substances. Lavoisier's systematic approach and emphasis on measurement transformed chemistry into a more rigorous science, influencing future scientists like John Dalton and Dmitri Mendeleev.