Latitudes are imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator, which is at 0 degrees latitude. They measure the distance north or south of the equator in degrees, with the North Pole at 90 degrees north and the South Pole at 90 degrees south. These lines help in locating places on Earth and are essential for navigation and mapping. Each latitude line is associated with specific climate zones. For example, areas near the equator typically have a tropical climate, while regions closer to the poles experience colder temperatures. Understanding latitudes is crucial for studying geography, weather patterns, and ecosystems.