Last names, also known as surnames, are family names passed down through generations. They help identify individuals and often indicate a person's heritage or ancestry. For example, the last name Smith may suggest a family history of blacksmithing, while Garcia is common in Spanish-speaking countries and reflects cultural roots. In many cultures, last names can reveal information about a person's lineage, profession, or even geographic origin. Some people may have unique last names that stand out, while others share common ones. Understanding last names can provide insight into family connections and the history of a community.