The lanthanides are a series of 15 chemical elements in the periodic table, ranging from lanthanum (atomic number 57) to lutetium (atomic number 71). These elements are known for their similar properties, including high melting points and the ability to form strong magnetic fields. They are often found together in nature and are typically extracted from minerals. Lanthanides are widely used in various applications, such as in the production of strong magnets, phosphors for LED lights, and catalysts in petroleum refining. Their unique electronic configurations make them valuable in advanced technologies, including electronics and nuclear reactors.