Language models are computer programs designed to understand and generate human language. They analyze large amounts of text data to learn patterns, grammar, and context, enabling them to predict the next word in a sentence or create coherent responses. These models are used in various applications, such as chatbots, translation services, and content generation. One popular type of language model is the Transformer, which uses attention mechanisms to process information more efficiently. OpenAI's GPT series and Google's BERT are examples of advanced language models that have significantly improved natural language processing tasks, making interactions with machines more intuitive and human-like.