Landform changes refer to the natural processes that alter the Earth's surface over time. These changes can occur due to various factors, including erosion, weathering, volcanic activity, and tectonic movements. For example, rivers can carve valleys, while glaciers can shape mountains and create features like fjords. Human activities also contribute to landform changes. Construction, mining, and agriculture can significantly modify landscapes. Urbanization often leads to the flattening of hills and the filling of valleys to create space for buildings and roads. Understanding these changes is essential for managing natural resources and protecting the environment.