Lactose metabolism refers to the process by which the body breaks down lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This process primarily occurs in the small intestine, where the enzyme lactase converts lactose into two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. These sugars are then absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy. In individuals with sufficient levels of lactase, lactose is efficiently digested. However, some people experience lactose intolerance, a condition where the body produces insufficient lactase, leading to difficulty digesting lactose. This can result in symptoms like bloating, gas, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products.