Korean political history is marked by a series of dynasties, invasions, and conflicts. The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) established a centralized state, followed by the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), which promoted Confucianism and cultural development. Korea faced invasions from Japan and the Mongol Empire, leading to significant social and political changes. In the 20th century, Korea was colonized by Japan from 1910 to 1945. After World War II, Korea was divided into two separate states: North Korea and South Korea. This division led to the Korean War (1950-1953) and ongoing political tensions, shaping the current geopolitical landscape.