The Khmelnytsky Uprising was a major rebellion that took place in the mid-17th century, specifically from 1648 to 1657, led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky. It was primarily a revolt of the Cossacks against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, driven by social, economic, and religious grievances. The uprising aimed to establish greater autonomy for the Cossacks and to address the oppression they faced from Polish nobility. The conflict resulted in significant territorial changes and the eventual establishment of the Cossack Hetmanate, a semi-autonomous state. The uprising also marked a turning point in Ukrainian history, as it laid the groundwork for future struggles for independence and shaped the region's political landscape for years to come.