Keyboard mapping refers to the process of assigning specific functions or actions to the keys on a keyboard. This allows users to customize their keyboard layout to better suit their needs, whether for gaming, programming, or general use. Different operating systems, like Windows or macOS, have their own methods for modifying these key assignments. In addition to standard layouts, such as QWERTY, keyboard mapping can also involve creating shortcuts for frequently used commands. This can enhance productivity by reducing the number of keystrokes needed to perform tasks. Users can often create their own mappings using software tools or built-in settings.