Kern and Hammerstein refers to the collaboration between composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II. They are best known for their work on the musical Show Boat, which premiered in 1927. This groundbreaking production combined serious themes with popular music, setting a new standard for American musical theater. Their partnership marked a significant shift in the genre, as they focused on storytelling and character development through song. Kern's melodies and Hammerstein's poignant lyrics created a lasting impact, influencing future musicals and composers. Their innovative approach helped pave the way for the modern musical format we see today.