Kelp forests are underwater ecosystems formed by large brown algae known as kelp. These forests thrive in nutrient-rich, shallow waters along coastlines, providing habitat and food for a diverse range of marine life, including fish, sea urchins, and sea otters. Kelp can grow rapidly, reaching heights of up to 100 feet, and plays a crucial role in coastal protection and carbon absorption. The structure of a kelp forest includes a canopy formed by the tall kelp plants, which provides shelter and shade for smaller organisms. Beneath the canopy, a rich community of invertebrates and fish thrives, making kelp forests one of the most productive ecosystems on Earth. They also help stabilize the ocean floor and reduce erosion.