Kelp forests are underwater ecosystems formed by large brown algae known as kelp. These forests thrive in nutrient-rich, shallow waters along coastlines, providing habitat and food for a diverse range of marine life, including fish, sea urchins, and sea otters. Kelp can grow rapidly, reaching heights of up to 100 feet, and plays a crucial role in coastal protection and carbon absorption. These ecosystems are vital for maintaining biodiversity and supporting local fisheries. Kelp forests also help stabilize the ocean floor and reduce erosion. However, they face threats from climate change, pollution, and overfishing, which can disrupt their delicate balance and impact the species that depend on them.