Kavalali Mehmed Ali Pasha was an influential Ottoman military leader and governor, best known for his role in modernizing Egypt in the early 19th century. Born in 1769 in Kavala, Greece, he rose through the ranks of the Ottoman army and eventually became the de facto ruler of Egypt, where he implemented significant reforms in agriculture, education, and industry. Under his leadership, Mehmed Ali Pasha transformed Egypt into a powerful state, establishing a strong military and promoting economic development. His efforts laid the groundwork for the eventual emergence of modern Egypt, and he is often regarded as the founder of the modern Egyptian state.