In the case of Katz v. United States, decided in 1967, the Supreme Court addressed the issue of privacy and the Fourth Amendment. Charles Katz was convicted of illegal gambling based on evidence obtained from a public phone booth, where federal agents had placed a listening device without a warrant. Katz argued that this surveillance violated his right to privacy. The Court ruled in favor of Katz, stating that the Fourth Amendment protects people, not just places. This landmark decision established that individuals have a reasonable expectation of privacy, even in public spaces, and that warrantless wiretaps are unconstitutional.