Kantian Philosophy is based on the ideas of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who lived in the 18th century. It emphasizes the importance of reason and moral principles in understanding the world. Kant argued that our knowledge is shaped by both our experiences and the innate structures of our mind, leading to his famous concept of the "categorical imperative," which guides ethical behavior. Kant believed that moral actions are those performed out of duty and according to universal laws. He distinguished between a priori knowledge, which is independent of experience, and a posteriori knowledge, which is derived from it. This framework has significantly influenced modern philosophy and ethics.