The Kanem Empire was a powerful state in Central Africa, existing from the 9th to the 19th century. It was located in what is now northeastern Nigeria and parts of Chad. The empire was known for its wealth, trade, and military strength, particularly in the trans-Saharan trade routes, where it exchanged goods like salt, gold, and slaves. At its height, the Kanem Empire was ruled by the Sef dynasty, which established a complex administrative system. The empire's influence spread across the region, impacting neighboring states and cultures. Its decline began in the 14th century, leading to the rise of the Bornu Empire as a successor state.