K-12 institutions refer to the educational system that encompasses kindergarten through 12th grade. This system is designed to provide foundational education to children and adolescents, typically from ages 5 to 18. K-12 education includes various subjects such as math, science, language arts, and social studies, aiming to prepare students for higher education or the workforce. In many countries, K-12 institutions can be public or private, with funding and governance varying by region. Public schools are usually funded by local, state, and federal taxes, while private schools rely on tuition and donations. The K-12 system plays a crucial role in shaping the knowledge and skills of future generations.