Judith Jarvis Thomson is an influential American philosopher known for her work in ethics, metaphysics, and philosophy of law. Born on April 4, 1929, she gained prominence for her thought experiments, particularly the famous trolley problem and the violinist analogy, which explore moral dilemmas and the nature of rights. Thomson has contributed significantly to discussions on topics such as abortion, personal autonomy, and moral responsibility. Her essays and books, including "The Realm of Rights," have shaped contemporary debates in moral philosophy, making her a key figure in feminist philosophy and ethical theory.