A Journaling File System is a type of file system that keeps track of changes not yet committed to the main file system. It does this by maintaining a log, or "journal," of all modifications. This helps prevent data corruption, especially during unexpected events like power failures or system crashes, as it can quickly restore the system to a consistent state. When a change is made, the journaling file system first records the change in the journal before applying it to the main file system. If a failure occurs, the system can refer to the journal to recover lost data. Common examples of journaling file systems include NTFS and ext4.