José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva (1763-1838) was a Brazilian statesman, naturalist, and educator. He is often referred to as the "Patriarch of Independence" for his significant role in Brazil's transition from a Portuguese colony to an independent nation. Bonifácio was a key advisor to Dom Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, and advocated for the abolition of slavery and the establishment of a constitutional government. Born in Santos, São Paulo, Bonifácio studied in Europe, where he developed a strong interest in science and philosophy. He contributed to various fields, including geology and botany, and was instrumental in promoting education in Brazil. His legacy continues to influence Brazilian politics and culture today.