John McAdam was a Scottish civil engineer born in 1756, best known for inventing the process of road construction known as macadamization. This method involved layering small stones to create a durable and smooth surface for roads, significantly improving transportation. His innovative approach to road building was widely adopted in the 19th century, leading to better infrastructure and easier travel. McAdam's work laid the foundation for modern road engineering and influenced future developments in civil engineering, making him a key figure in the history of transportation.