Jizya is a tax historically levied on non-Muslims living in an Islamic state. It was imposed as a form of protection and exemption from military service, allowing non-Muslims to practice their religion freely. The amount of the tax varied based on factors such as income and social status. The practice of Jizya dates back to the early Islamic caliphates and was often seen as a means of ensuring social order and financial support for the state. While it has largely fallen out of use in modern times, it remains a topic of historical and religious discussion.