Jewish movements refer to the various branches and denominations within Judaism that interpret religious texts and practices differently. The main movements include Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist Judaism. Each movement has its own beliefs about the role of tradition, modernity, and the interpretation of Jewish law, leading to diverse practices and community structures. These movements emerged in response to historical changes, such as the Enlightenment and the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment), which encouraged Jews to engage with modern society. While they share core beliefs in the Torah and Jewish identity, their approaches to worship, ethics, and community life can vary significantly.