Jean Tirole is a French economist known for his work in industrial organization, game theory, and regulation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2014 for his analysis of market power and regulation, particularly in industries with complex interactions between firms. His research has significantly influenced how economists and policymakers understand competition and monopolies. Tirole is also the author of several influential books and papers, including "The Theory of Industrial Organization." He has served as the president of the Toulouse School of Economics and has contributed to various academic and policy discussions on economic issues.