The Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) is a framework that provides a set of APIs for implementing cryptographic operations in Java applications. It supports various algorithms for encryption, decryption, digital signatures, and secure hashing, allowing developers to enhance the security of their applications. JCA is part of the larger Java Security framework, which ensures that cryptographic operations are performed securely and efficiently. It includes providers that offer different implementations of cryptographic algorithms, enabling flexibility and extensibility for developers to choose the best options for their specific needs.