Japanese higher education consists of universities, junior colleges, and vocational schools. Universities typically offer four-year programs, while junior colleges provide two-year programs. The system emphasizes academic rigor and is known for its competitive entrance exams, which often require extensive preparation. In Japan, higher education is highly valued, with a significant portion of students pursuing degrees. Many universities are public, funded by the government, while others are private. Notable institutions include The University of Tokyo and Kyoto University, both recognized for their research and academic excellence.