The James Tait Black Memorial Prize is a prestigious literary award presented annually in the United Kingdom. Established in 1919, it honors outstanding works of fiction and biography published in the previous year. The prize is named after James Tait Black, a notable Scottish publisher, and is awarded by the University of Edinburgh. The award aims to recognize and promote literary excellence, and it is one of the oldest book prizes in the UK. Winners receive a monetary award and a medal, celebrating their contributions to literature and encouraging future writers in the fields of fiction and biography.